Bacterial Proteomics and its Application in Pathogenesis Studies

Bacteria build their structures by implementing several macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, phospholipids, and nucleic acids, which preserve their lives and play an essential role in their pathogenesis. There are two genomic and proteomic methods to study various macromolecules of bacteria, which are complementary methods and provide comprehensive information. Proteomic approaches are used to identify proteins and their cell applications. Furthermore, macromolecules are utilized to study bacteria's structures and functions. These protein-based methods provide comprehensive information about the cells, such as the external structures, internal compositions, post-translational modifications, and mechanisms of particular actions, including biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and adaptation to the environment, promoting bacterial pathogenesis. These methods use various devices such as MALDI-TOF MS, LC-MS, and two-dimensional electrophoresis, which are valuable tools for studying different structural and functional proteins of the bacteria and their mechanisms of pathogenesis, causing rapid, easy, and accurate diagnosis of the infections.