Extracellular lipopeptide bacillomycin L regulates serial expression of genes for modulating multicellular behavior in Bacillus velezensis Bs916

In wild strains of Bacillus , a handful of extracellular natural products act as signals that can regulate multicellular behavior, but relatively little is known about molecular mechanisms’ detail. We proposed a previously unreported molecular mechanism for triggering multicellularity in B. velezensis Bs916 by an endogenous cyclic lipopeptide, bacillomycin L. The genome-wide effect on gene expression was caused by the disruption of bacillomycin L gene cluster, and 100 µg/mL bacillomycin L was revealed by quantitative transcriptomics. A total of 878 differentially expressed genes among Bs916, Δbl, and Δbl + 100BL were identified and grouped into 9 functional categories. The transcription levels of 40 candidate genes were further evaluated by RT-qPCR analysis. The expression of eight candidate genes regulated by bacillomycin L in a dose-dependent manner was revealed by LacZ fusion experiment. Although the addition of bacillomycin L could not completely restore the expression levels of the differentially regulated genes in △bl, our results strongly suggest that bacillomycin L acts as a tuning signal of swarming motility and complex biofilm formation by indirectly regulating the expression levels of some two-component systems (TCSs) connector genes, particularly including several Raps that potentially regulate the phosphorylation levels of three major regulators ComA, DegU, and Spo0A. Key points • Proposed model for bacillomycin L regulation in B. velezensis Bs916. • Bacillomycin L can act as an extracellular signal to regulate the phosphorylation levels of three major regulators, ComA, DegU, and Spo0A and control the multicellular processes of vegetative growth, competent, motility, matrix production, sporulation, and autolysis.