Identification of ruthenium (II) complexes with furan-substituted ligands as possible antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus

The growing burden of antibiotic resistance worldwide calls for developing new classes of antimicrobial strategy. Recently years, the use of adjuvants that rescue antibiotics identified as a promising strategy for overcoming bacterial resistance. In this study, three ruthenium complexes functionalized with furan-substituted ligands([Ru(phen)(2)(CAPIP)](ClO4)(2) (Ru(II)-1), [Ru(dmp)(2)(CAPIP)](ClO4)(2) (Ru(II)-2) and [Ru(dmb)(2)(CAPIP)](ClO4)(2) (Ru(II)-3) (dmb=4,4 '-dimethyl-2,2 '-bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, dmp=2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, CAPIP=(E)-2- (2-(furan-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline)) were designed and synthesized. The antimicrobial activities of all compounds against S. aureus were assessed by growth inhibition assays. The MIC values of three complexes range from 0.015 to 0.050 mg/ml. Subsequently, the Ru(II)-2 complexes which exhibited strongest antibacterial activity were further tested against bacteria biofilms formation and toxin secretion. In addition, aimed to test whether ruthenium complexes have potential value as antimicrobial adjuvants, the synergism between Ru(II)-2 and some antibiotics against S. aureus were examined through checkerboard method. Interestingly, Ru(II)-2 could not only effectively inhibit biofilms formation of S. aureus and inhibit the hemolysin toxin secretion, but also selectivity show synergism with two common antibiotics. More importantly, mouse infection study also verified Ru(II)-2 were highly effective against S. aureus in vivo.