Cloud-agnostic Architectures for Machine Learning Based on Apache Spark

Reference architectures for Big Data, machine learning and stream processing include not only recommended practices and interconnected building blocks but considerations for scalability, availability, manageability, and security as well. However, the automated deployment of multi-VM platforms on various clouds leveraging on such reference architectures may raise several issues. The paper focuses particularly on the widespread Apache Spark Big Data platform as the baseline and the Occopus cloud-agnostic orchestrator tool. The set of new generation reference architectures are configurable by human-readable descriptors according to available resources and cloud-providers, and offers various components such as Jupyter Notebook, RStudio, HDFS, and Kafka. These pre-configured reference architectures can be automatically deployed even by the data scientist on-demand, using a multi-cloud approach for a wide range of cloud systems like Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, OpenStack, OpenNebula, CloudSigma, etc. Occopus enables the scaling of cluster-oriented components (such as Spark) of the instantiated reference architectures. The presented solution was successfully used in the Hungarian Comparative Agendas Project (CAP) by the Institute for Political Science to classify newspaper articles.