Adenoid measurement accuracy: A comparison of lateral skull film, flexible endoscopy, and intraoperative rigid endoscopy (gold standard)

Objective: To compare the accuracy of lateral skull film, flexible endoscopy, and intraoperative rigid endoscopy in assessment of adenoid size.& nbsp;Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 43 pediatric patients undergoing ENT surgery from July 2017 to December 2018. All patients underwent preoperative lateral skull film, flexible endoscopy, and intraoperative rigid endoscopy.& nbsp;Results: The average adenoidal-nasopharyngeal (A/N) ratio obtained from lateral skull film, flexible endoscopy, and intraoperative rigid endoscopy was 72.9, 79.5, and 81.6, respectively. There was a moderate correlation between A/N ratio from lateral skull film and intraoperative rigid endoscopy (Pearson's correlation: 0.567, p < 0.001). Whereas, the A/N ratio from flexible endoscopy compared to intraoperative rigid endoscopy showed a stronger correlation (Pearson's correlation: 0.791, p < 0.001). From linear regression analysis, the intraoperative adenoid measurement was estimated from the results of flexible endoscopy (intraoperative rigid endoscopy: 0.72 [flexible endoscopy] + 24.47) and lateral skull film (intraoperative rigid endoscopy = 0.65 [lateral skull film] + 34)& nbsp;Conclusion: Flexible endoscopy yields the most accuracy in the assessment of adenoid size and nasopharynx visualization, without radiation exposure or anesthesia. Despite less accuracy, lateral skull film is more availability in every hospital. The correlation of adenoid size measurement in this study can also be applied for the actual size of adenoid. (C) 2021 Japanese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inc. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.