Global Lambda-hyperon polarization in Au plus Au collisions at root S-NN=3 GeV

M. S. Abdallah, B. E. Aboona,J. Adam,L. Adamczyk,J. R. Adams,J. K. Adkins,G. Agakishiev, I. Aggarwal, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed,I. Alekseev,D. M. Anderson,A. Aparin,E. C. Aschenauer,M. U. Ashraf,F. G. Atetalla, A. Attri,G. S. Averichev,V. Bairathi,W. Baker,J. G. Ball Cap, K. Barish,A. Behera, R. Bellwied,P. Bhagat,A. Bhasin, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova,I. G. Bordyuzhin,J. D. Brandenburg,A. V. Brandin,I. Bunzarov,J. Butterworth, X. Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderó, D. Cebra, I. Chakaberia,P. Chaloupka, B. K. Chan,F-H. Chang,Z. Chang,N. Chankova-Bunzarova,A. Chatterjee,S. Chattopadhyay, D. Chen,J. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Chen,Z. Chen,J. Cheng,M. Chevalier,S. Choudhury,W. Christie,X. Chu,H. J. Crawford, M. Csaná, M. Daugherity,T. G. Dedovich,I. M. Deppner,A. A. Derevschikov, A. Dhamija,L. Di Carlo,L. Didenko,P. Dixit, X. Dong,J. L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth,J. C. Dunlop, N. Elsey,J. Engelage, G. Eppley,S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben,O. Eyser, R. Fatemi,F. M. Fawzi,S. Fazio, P. Federic, J. Fedorisin, C. J. Feng,Y. Feng,P. Filip,E. Finch, Y. Fisyak,A. Francisco,C. Fu,L. Fulek, C. A. Gagliardi,T. Galatyuk,F. Geurts, N. Ghimire,A. Gibson,K. Gopal,X. Gou, D. Grosnick,A. Gupta, W. Guryn,A. I. Hamad,A. Hamed,Y. Han,S. Harabasz, M. D. Harasty,J. W. Harris,H. Harrison,S. He,W. He,X. H. He,Y. He, S. Heppelmann,N. Herrmann,E. Hoffman, L. Holub, Y. Hu,H. Huang,H. Z. Huang,S. L. Huang,T. Huang,X. Huang, Y. Huang,T. J. Humanic, G. Igo, D. Isenhower,W. W. Jacobs,C. Jena,A. Jentsch,Y. Ji, J. Jia,K. Jiang,X. Ju,E. G. Judd, S. Kabana,M. L. Kabir,S. Kagamaster,D. Kalinkin,K. Kang,D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder,H. W. Ke,D. Keane,A. Kechechyan,M. Kelsey,Y. V. Khyzhniak, D. P. Kikoł,C. Kim,B. Kimelman,D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev,A. G. Knospe,H. S. Ko, L. Kochenda,L. K. Kosarzewski,L. Kramarik,P. Kravtsov,L. Kumar,S. Kumar,R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli,J. H. Kwasizur, R. Lacey,S. Lan,J. M. Landgraf, J. Lauret,A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky,J. H. Lee,Y. H. Leung,C. Li,W. Li,X. Li,Y. Li,X. Liang,Y. Liang, R. Licenik,T. Lin,Y. Lin,M. A. Lisa,F. Liu, H. Liu,P. Liu,T. Liu,X. Liu, Y. Liu,Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic,W. J. Llope,R. S. Longacre, E. Loyd,N. S. Lukow,X. F. Luo,L. Ma,R. Ma, Y. G. Ma,N. Magdy, D. Mallick,S. Margetis, C. Markert,H. S. Matis,J. A. Mazer, N. G. Minaev,S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty,M. M. Mondal,I. Mooney,D. A. Morozov,A. Mukherjee,M. Nagy,J. D. Nam,Md. Nasim,K. Nayak,D. Neff,J. M. Nelson,D. B. Nemes,M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov,T. Niida,R. Nishitani,L. V. Nogach, T. Nonaka,A. S. Nunes, G. Odyniec,A. Ogawa, S. Oh,V. A. Okorokov,B. S. Page, R. Pak,J. Pan, A. Pandav,A. K. Pandey,Y. Panebratsev, P. Parfenov,B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska,H. Pei,C. Perkins, L. Pinsky, R. L. Pinté, J. Pluta,B. R. Pokhrel,G. Ponimatkin,J. Porter,M. Posik,V. Prozorova,N. K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke,H. Qiu,A. Quintero, C. Racz,S. K. Radhakrishnan,N. Raha, R. L. Ray,R. Reed, H. G. Ritter, M. Robotkova,O. V. Rogachevskiy,J. L. Romero,D. Roy,L. Ruan,J. Rusnak,N. R. Sahoo,H. Sako, S. Salur,J. Sandweiss,S. Sato,W. B. Schmidke,N. Schmitz,B. R. Schweid,F. Seck, J. Seger, M. Sergeeva,R. Seto, P. Seyboth,N. Shah, E. Shahaliev,P. V. Shanmuganathan,M. Shao,T. Shao,A. I. Sheikh,D. Shen,S. S. Shi,Y. Shi,Q. Y. Shou,E. P. Sichtermann,R. Sikora,M. Simko,J. Singh,S. Singha,M. J. Skoby,N. Smirnov, Y. Sö,W. Solyst,P. Sorensen,H. M. Spinka,B. Srivastava,T. D. S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak,D. J. Stewart,M. Strikhanov,B. Stringfellow, A. A. P. Suaide, M. Sumbera,B. Summa,X. M. Sun,X. Sun,Y. Sun, B. Surrow,D. N. Svirida,Z. W. Sweger, P. Szymanski,A. H. Tang,Z. Tang,A. Taranenko,T. Tarnowsky, J. H. Thomas,A. R. Timmins,D. Tlusty,T. Todoroki,M. Tokarev,C. A. Tomkiel,S. Trentalange,R. E. Tribble,P. Tribedy,S. K. Tripathy,T. Truhlar,B. A. Trzeciak,O. D. Tsai,Z. Tu,T. Ullrich,D. G. Underwood,I. Upsal,G. Van Buren,J. Vanek,A. N. Vasiliev,I. Vassiliev,V. Verkest,F. Videbæk,S. Vokal,S. A. Voloshin,F. Wang,G. Wang,J. S. Wang,P. Wang, Y. Wang,Z. Wang, J. C. Webb,P. C. Weidenkaff, L. Wen,G. D. Westfall, H. Wieman,S. W. Wissink,J. Wu,Y. Wu,B. Xi,Z. G. Xiao,G. Xie, W. Xie,H. Xu,N. Xu,Q. H. Xu,Y. Xu,Z. Xu,C. Yang,Q. Yang,S. Yang,Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi,K. Yip,Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha,C. Zhang,D. Zhang,J. Zhang,S. Zhang,X. P. Zhang,Y. Zhang,Z. J. Zhang,Z. Zhang, J. Zhao,C. Zhou, X. Zhu,M. Zurek, M. Zyzak

PHYSICAL REVIEW C（2021）

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摘要

Global hyperon polarization, (P) over barH, in Au + Au collisions over a large range of collision energy, root S-NN, was recently measured and successfully reproduced by hydrodynamic and transport models with intense fluid vorticity of the quark-gluon plasma. While naive extrapolation of data trends suggests a large (P) over barH as the collision energy is reduced, the behavior of (P) over barH at small root S-NN < 7.7 GeV is unknown. Operating the STAR experiment in fixed-target mode, we measured the polarization of Lambda hyperons along the direction of global angular momentum in Au + Au collisions at root S-NN = 3 GeV. The observation of substantial polarization of 4.91 +/- 0.81(stat.) +/- 0.15(syst.)% in these collisions may require a reexamination of the viscosity of any fluid created in the collision, of the thermalization timescale of rotational modes, and of hadronic mechanisms to produce global polarization.

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