Factors Affecting Patient Adherence to Multivitamin Intake After Bariatric Surgery: a Multicentre Survey Study from the Patient’s Perspective

Purpose Lifelong multivitamin supplementation is recommended to prevent nutritional deficiencies. Despite this advice, deficiencies are common which may be due to poor adherence to MVS intake. The aim of this study was to identify which factors affect patient adherence to Multivitamin Supplement (MVS) intake after bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods A 42-item questionnaire was sent to 15,424 patients from four Dutch bariatric center. In total, 4975 patients wanted to participate of which 361 patients were excluded. A total of 4614 patients were included, and MVS users ( n =4274, 92.6%) were compared to non-users ( n =340, 7.4%). Most patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (64.3%) or sleeve gastrectomy (32.3%). Results Seven hundred and ten patients (15.4%) reported inconsistent MVS use and 340 patients (7.4%) did not use any MVS at all. For inconsistent MVS users, most reported reasons included forgetting daily intake (68.3%), gastro-intestinal side effects (25.6%) and unpleasant taste or smell (22.7%), whereas for non-users gastro-intestinal side effects (58.5%), high costs (13.5%) and the absence of vitamin deficiencies (20.9%) were most frequently reported. Overall, 28.5% were dissatisfied about instructions on MVS use, attention paid to MVS use during medical consultation and the extent to which personal preferences were taken into account. Conclusion The attitude of bariatric patients towards MVS use is predominantly negative. It is important to provide accurate information on different options for MVS intake and collect information about patient’s personal preferences when prescribing supplements. Improving adherence to MVS intake is challenging and requires implementation of a shared decision-making process, further optimization of MVS formulas and exploring options for reimbursement. Graphical abstract