Orbital Atherectomy Of The Iliofemoral Arteries Facilitates Large-Bore Access Prior To Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Objectives. To describe the use of orbital atherectomy to prepare iliofemoral vessels for large-bore access prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Background. Transfemoral (TF)-TAVR has been shown to be at least equivalent to surgery. Nevertheless, many patients do not qualify for the TF approach due to severe iliofemoral occlusive disease. The use of an atherectomy device in order to facilitate TF-TAVR has only been reported in case reports. Methods. We performed 1000 TAVR procedures from June 2017 to October 2019. Patient demographics, procedural characteristics, computed tomography characteristics, and short-term outcomes were recorded. Hostile access was defined as luminal size <5 mm, or <5.5 mm along with the presence of >270 degrees calcification. The primary endpoint was the ability to successfully deliver a transcatheter valve via the intended pretreated access site. Results. During the study period, 6 subjects (0.6%) required alternative access and 68 patients (6.8%) were considered to have a hostile iliofemoral anatomy that required vessel preparation prior to TAVR. Forty-eight patients (70.6%) had angioplasty only and 20 patients (29.4%) required atherectomy and angioplasty. Out of 20 patients treated with atherectomy, successful TF delivery of the valve was achieved in 19 patients (95%). There was no in-hospital mortality or stroke. There were no perforations. One subject required placement of a self-expandable stent due to severe dissection. Conclusion. Orbital atherectomy used for vessel preparation is a safe and very effective technique to facilitate TF-TAVR in patients with hostile peripheral anatomy.