Combined Renal-Pulmonary Extracorporeal Support with Low Blood Flow Techniques: A Retrospective Observational Study (CICERO Study)

Background: Critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure frequently present concomitant lung and kidney injury, within a multiorgan failure condition due to local and systemic mediators. To face this issue, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) systems have been integrated into continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) platforms to provide a combined organ support, with efficient clearance of CO2 with very low extracorporeal blood flows (<400 mL/min). Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and safety of combined ECCO2R-CRRT support with PrismaLung (R)-Prismaflex (R) in patients affected by hypercapnic respiratory acidosis associated with AKI in a second level intensive care unit. Methods: We carried out a retrospective observational study enrolling patients submitted to PrismaLung (R)-Prismaflex (R) due to mild to moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aeCOPD). The primary endpoints were the shift to protective ventilation and extubation of mechanically ventilated patients and the shift to invasive mechanical ventilation of patients receiving noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Clinical-laboratoristic data and operational characteristics of ECCO2R-CRRT were recorded. Results: Overall, 12/17 patients on mechanical ventilation shifted to protective ventilation, CO2 clearance was satisfactorily maintained during the whole observational period, and pH was rapidly corrected. Treatment prevented NIV failure in 4 out of 5 patients. No treatment-related complications were recorded. Conclusion: ECCO2R-CRRT was effective and safe in patients with aeCOPD and ARDS associated with AKI.