A Heart Surgery Simulator With an Integrated Supervision System for Self-Learning the Key Steps and Pitfalls of the Mitral Valve Repair Initial Investigation

Introduction Over the years, surgical education has dramatically improved and has become increasingly innovative. Almost all educational programs in surgery now rely on sophisticated training boxes and simulators that enable surgical instruments to be handled and surgical procedures to be trained in a safe environment. However, simulators need constant feedback from supervising senior surgeons, who only have limited teaching time available. We describe a cardiac surgery simulator with an integrated supervision system for self-learning how to repair a mitral valve. Methods We developed a mitral surgery simulator with integrated sensors to generate, record, and display quantitative data on trainee performance in relation with the mitral valve repair procedure. A team of experienced cardiac surgeons defined critical areas of the model and an algorithm to identify inconsistent movements, in terms of error types and out-of-bound actions. The device provided real-time feedback on the accuracy of the stitches placed. Four experienced cardiac surgeons and 3 advanced cardiac-surgery used the simulator and were asked to evaluate specific parameters of the system on a scale ranging from 1 to 10. Results All surgeons completed a P2 resection, followed by implanting a 32-mm mitral ring. The simulator detected 2 stitches that were placed in dangerous zones and another stitch that was placed in an inappropriate position. Users scored the real tissue feeling and interactivity of the model 9.5/10. Conclusions This heart-surgery simulator offers a real-life model for learning about and training in mitral valve surgery, which could potentially replace the experienced surgeon's teaching role.