Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus Type II and Pre-Diabetes among Shoulder Impingement Syndrome Patients and Related Modifying Factors: Epidemiological Study

Objective: Measure the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among patients with shoulder impingement syndrome\r\nand the factors that can modify that disease.\r\nDesign: Prospective.\r\nSetting: Outpatient.\r\nParticipants: 412 patients presented with unilateral or bilateral shoulder pain suspecting shoulder impingement\r\nneuromuscular diseases, or syndrome.\r\nExclusion criteria: Those having manifestations suggesting of cervical radiculopathy, shoulder trauma history.\r\nInterventions: Each patient was subjected to the following; demographic data including occupation, body mass index,\r\ndetailed medical history including DM history. Shoulder exam including impingement provocative tests; Hawkin test,\r\nNeer�s sign. Neck exam including Spurling test. Full neurological exam.\r\nMain outcome measures: Laboratory testing including glycosylated hemoglobin (HgA1c), liver and kidney functions.\r\nShoulder MRI if possible.\r\nResults: Mean age 59.4 ? 11.123. All patients were right-handed, Male 37.1%, female 62.9%, Mean body mass index\r\n(BMI) 32.2 ? 8.2. Majority were manual workers (55.1%). No significant relationship between shoulder impingement\r\nsex but significant with BMI and age. HgA1c 7 (p=0.0001) with significant bilateral disease. Significant incidence of shoulder impingement (unilateral or\r\nbilateral among diabetics (HgA1c \u003e6) compared to non- diabetics (p=0.011).\r\nConclusions: High incidence of DM /prediabetes among shoulder impingement patients. Level of HgA1c significantly\r\nproportionate to incidence and laterality. This suggests that it is part of musculoskeletal complication of DM. that can\r\nevidently occur with prediabetes status. Body mass index and age significantly affected the incidence but not the sex.