Comprehensive Size Distribution and Composition Analysis of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector by Multiwavelength Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation

During the manufacturing of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors, it is generally difficult to purify out vectors that lack nucleic acids (empty particles, EPs), contain incomplete nucleic acids (intermediate particles, IPs) or aggregates. These impurities may cause side effects and therefore it is essential to both quantify and reduce them; however, comprehensive identification of the size distribution and components of virus vectors have been lagging. We developed multiwavelength sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation to characterize EPs, full particles, IPs, and aggregates in adeno-associated virus vector samples. The wavelength-dependent ultraviolet (UV) absorption of capsid protein and encapsulated single-stranded DNA could be deduced from the multiwavelength detection followed by size distribution analysis and peak area integration. Subsequently, a spectral deconvolution analysis using the wavelength-dependent UV absorption data enabled the identification of the protein–nucleic acid ratio of all species. A comprehensive approach for quantifying the viral vector particles and related impurities was established.