Validation of the Italian HeartQoL: a short health-related quality of life questionnaire for patients with ischemic heart disease

The psychometric properties of the core disease-specific 14-item Italian HeartQoL health-related quality of life questionnaire have been evaluated in this study. The Italian version of the HeartQoL, the MacNew questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were completed by 472 patients (angina, N = 183; myocardial infarction, N = 167; or ischemic heart failure, N = 122) who were recruited in five Italian centers (Florence, Veruno, Turin, Udine, and Naples) between 2015 and 2017. Patients with myocardial infarction reported significantly higher HeartQoL scores than patients with angina or ischemic heart failure. Floor and ceiling effects were always minor on the HeartQoL global scale and physical subscale with moderate ceiling effects on the emotional subscale in the total group and in patients with myocardial infarction. The bifactorial structure of the original HeartQoL questionnaire was confirmed with strong physical, emotional, and global scale H coefficients (> 0.50). The HeartQoL scales demonstrated optimal internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.84). Convergent and divergent validity were confirmed. Discriminative validity was not confirmed for age, largely confirmed for sex, and fully confirmed for anxiety, depression, and distress. The Italian HeartQoL questionnaire demonstrated adequate key psychometric attributes of internal consistency reliability and validity in Italian-speaking patients with ischemic heart disease.