Fourteen pathways between urban transportation and health: A conceptual model and literature review

•Transportation has beneficial and detrimental impacts on public health.•Fourteen pathways link transportation to health, adding five more to the previous published conceptual model.•The five new pathways were understudied or unrecognized in previous literature.•Each pathway has differing levels of evidence on health effects in the literature.•Inequity and modifiers contribute to and may occur because of disproportionate exposures, susceptibility, and health effects.