A rare case of pancraniosynostosis observed in a historical skull from the 19 th century cranial collection named “Królestwo Polskie” (“Polish Kingdom”)

Rare diseases are a challenge in paleopathological research, mainly due to the ambiguity of skeletal signs, bad preservation state of the material, and lack of the reference material. The aim of our article is to present the skull characterized by the decreased values of the metrical traits and numerous pathological features of the cranial morphology and make an attempt to determine the possible cause of the observed anomalies.