Relationship between physical exercise and the most varied forms of dyskinesia

Abstract Aim: Dyskinesia is a hyperkinetic abnormal involuntary movement (AIM), like chorea, dystonia, athetosis, and ballism. AIM can occur in Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD), tardive dyskinesia (TD) schizophrenia, and paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxDs). This review describes the effects of physical activity and exercise adaptation (e.g., rehabilitation) in the most varied forms of dyskinesias in an attempt to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of physical exercise on this disorder. Methods: English-language articles available in the database PubMed electronics were examined. The following indexes were adopted with different combinations: LID and exercise; TD and exercise PED and exercise. Manual searches were performed in the references of the articles related to the chosen topic. Results. The relationship between many types of dyskinesia and exercise is poorly explored. The practice of physical activity showed antidyskinetic effects in Parkinson's LID, with well-described the biological mechanisms. Conclusion: Acute exercise does not modify the abnormal respiratory patterns in TD, and it reveals a normal response to progressive training and inspiratory time. Sustained walking or running may induce a type of paroxysmal dyskinesia in the healthy subjects, which was explored by us in this review.