Ligand and Base Free Synthesis of Biaryls from Aryl Halides in Aqueous Media with Recyclable Ti 0.97 Pd 0.03 O 1.97 Catalyst

Facile protocol for the synthesis of biaryls from aryl halides in presence of magnesium metal without prior formation of organometallic intermediate has been exploited. Irrespective of aqueous medium, Ti 0.97 Pd 0.03 O 1.97 catalyst supports C–C bond formation reaction in presence of metals rather than dehalogenation without any additives. Homocoupling of 16 different aryl halides furnished corresponding biphenyls in good yield with better functional group tolerance. The recovery of the catalyst was carried out by employing catalyst coated cordierite monolith up to 7th cycle with high yields. A new approach for the cross-coupling reaction is also attempted. Graphic Abstract