Conservation agriculture enhances the rice-wheat system of the Eastern Gangetic Plains in some environments, but not in others

•Intensification of the rice-wheat system increased system productivity.•CA further enhanced the baseline system though CA benefits are environment-specific.•In fine-textured soil (silt-loam), CA enhanced system productivity and resource use efficiency.•In course-textured soil (sandy-loam), the system benefit (productivity and resource use efficiency) of full CA seems limited.