Tibetan Y-STR trait in the eleven regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Y-Chromosomal short-tandem repeats (Y-STRs) could provide highly valuable information for forensic investigation and demographic studies. However, there is still no systematic Y-STR information on Tibetan as obtained from different regions of the broad Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. In this study, an analysis was conducted on 585 male individuals, classed into 3 different dialect branches as Ü-Tsang, Amdo, and Khams and originating from 11 scattered regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The gene diversity values of the 41 Y-STRs in Tibetan ranged from 0.3636 to 0.9322. Additionally, a total of 563 distinct haplotypes were obtained with an overall haplotype diversity of 0.9999 and a discrimination capacity of 0.9624. As suggested by the inter-population diversity analysis, there were two main separated clades of Tibetan subgroups. The visualization of pairwise genetic distances between 11 Tibetan subgroups and 59 reference populations using cladogram revealed the distribution of various populations, which was basically consistent with the patterns of geographic origin and linguistic affinity.