Minimization Of Arc Tangent Function Penalty For Off-Grid Multi-Source Passive Localization By Using A Moving Array

A novel direct passive localization technique with a single moving array is proposed in this paper. By using the sparse representation of the array covariance matrix in spatial domain, the measurement is constructed by stacking the vectorized version of all the array covariance matrices at different observing positions, and the dictionary is composed of the steering vectors from the searching targets' positions to the observing positions. An off-grid method based on sparse recovery is presented. As one of the main contributions in this paper, we prove that, to minimize the alternative atan-sum function is equivalent to minimize the original 0-norm. This method also works more robustly at conditions of low SNR, and fewer observing positions are needed than in the traditional ones. The simulation experiments verify the promises of the proposed algorithm. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.