Aesthetic utility of addition of nipple-areola recentralization to rotation flap according to nipple tumor distance for patients with lower-outer or upper-inner located breast cancers

We aimed to validate the cosmetic utility of addition of nipple-areola recentralization (NAR) to rotation flap according to nipple tumor distance (NTD) as a volume displacement technique after breast conserving surgery (BCS) for lower-outer and upper-inner breast cancers. Twenty breast cancer patients who had been treated with rotation flap with (Group 1; n = 6) or without (Group 2; n = 14) NAR after BCS for lower-outer or upper-inner located tumors, and those who had undergone BCS without oncoplastic surgical technique for tumors in the same area (Control group; n = 43), were retrospectively investigated. Cosmetic outcome was evaluated using Harvard scale and/or BCCT.core. As a result, the ratio of patients categorized as excellent/good was 83% in Group 1 and 93% in Group 2, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them (P = 0.521). In addition, Group 1 + 2 showed a significantly higher ratio of patients classified as excellent/good than the control group (90% vs. 56%; P = 0.009). After adjustment of clinical background parameters using propensity score matching analysis between Group 1 + 2 and the control group, 12 pairs with similar background factors were matched. Among them, Group 1 + 2 showed a higher ratio of patients categorized as excellent/good than the control group (92% vs. 42%; P = 0.034). In conclusion, addition of NAR to rotation technique according to NTD may enable us to perform a volume displacement after BCS for lower-outer or upper-inner located tumors irrespective of NTD without sacrificing postoperative breast appearance.