Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the prenatal diagnosis of common congenital vascular anomalies

Background Screening ultrasound (US) has increased the detection of congenital vascular anomalies in utero. Complementary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve the diagnosis, but its real utility is still not well established. Objectives We aimed to describe the imaging findings on prenatal US and MRI of the most frequent congenital vascular anomalies (lymphatic malformations and congenital hemangiomas) to assess the accuracy of prenatal US and MRI exams for diagnosis and to evaluate the relevance of the additional information obtained by complementary fetal MRI. Materials and methods All confirmed postnatal congenital vascular anomalies detected in the last 10 years at 3 university hospitals were retrospectively identified. The prenatal diagnosis was compared with the final diagnosis for both methods and the clinical relevance of additional MRI information was evaluated. A second MRI in advanced pregnancy was performed in fetuses with lesions in a sensitive anatomical location and the clinical relevance of the additional information was evaluated. Results Twenty-four cases were included in the study, 20 lymphatic malformations and 4 hemangiomas. MRI slightly improved the diagnosis of lymphatic malformation, 85% vs. 80% at US, especially for abdominal lesions. Both methods had a low identification rate (25%) for tumors. MRI performed late in five fetuses with lymphatic malformation allowed optimized management at birth. Conclusion MRI improves the diagnosis of congenital lymphatic malformations whereas hemangiomas remain difficult to identify in utero. The main role of MRI is to provide high-defined anatomical data to guide management at birth.