Push-Out Tests On Various Steel Anchors With Partial-Length Welding In Steel-Concrete Composite Members

Featured ApplicationSteel-Concrete Composite Structures.To investigate the behavior of various steel anchors, push-out tests were performed for 13 test specimens. Test parameters included the geometry of beams (wide-flange beams and composite beams) and the type of steel anchors (stud anchors and Z- and C-channel anchors with full- or partial-length welding). Test results showed that the performance of test specimens strongly depends on the types of steel anchors rather than the geometry of steel beams. The specimens with C-channel anchors showed the highest load-carrying capacity but the most drastic load reduction after the peak load. The specimens with Z-channel anchors showed a similar behavior to those with C-channel anchors but the load reduction occurred at a slightly slower rate. The load-carrying capacity was increased with the length of the Z- and C-channel anchors. The specimens with stud anchors reached the peak load at a slow rate and showed the most ductile behavior. The test results were compared with predictions by various design equations for steel anchors available in the literature, and the existing design equations for channel anchors with partial-length welding were considered applicable to design.