Palladium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in 3D N, P co-doped carbon film for high-efficiency oxygen reduction

Seeking economical, efficient and stable catalysts to ameliorate the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction in cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is still a great challenge. Herein, we design and synthesize an advanced Pd-based catalyst, where small palladium-phosphorus nanoparticles (Pd 3 P NPs) with 5.2 wt