The Cms Phase-1 Pixel Detector Upgrade
W. Adam,T. Bergauer, D. Blöch, M. Dragicevic,R. Frühwirth,V. Hinger,H. Steininger,W. Beaumont,D. Di Croce, X. Janssen, J. Lauwers,P. Van Mechelen,N. Van Remortel,F. Blekman, S.S. Chhibra,J. De Clercq, J. D'Hondt,S. Lowette,S. Moortgat, A. Morton, K. Skovpen,A.R. Sahasransu,E. Sørensen Bols,P. Van Mulders, Y. Allard, D. Beghin,B. Bilin,B. Clerbaux,G. De Lentdecker, H. Delannoy,W. Deng, L. Favart,R. Goldouzian, A. Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, M. Mahdavikhorrami,I. Makarenko,L. Moureaux,A. Popov,N. Postiau,F. Robert,Z. Song, L. Thomas, P. Vanlaer,D. Vannerom, Q. Wang, H. Wang,Y. Yang, O. Bondu,G. Bruno,C. Caputo,P. David,C. Delaere, M. Delcourt,A. Giammanco,V. Lemaitre,J. Prisciandaro, A. Saggio, N. Szilasi,M. Vidal Marono, P. Vischia, J. Zobec,V. Brigljević,D. Ferenček,D. Majumder,M. Roguljić, A. Starodumov,T. Susa,P. Eerola, E. Brücken, A. Gädda,T. Lampén,L. Martikainen,E. Tuominen, R. Turpeinen, A. Winkler,P. Luukka,T. Tuuva,J.-L. Agram,J. Andrea,C. Bonnin, G. Bourgatte, J.-M. Brom,E. Chabert, L. Charles, C. Collard, E. Dangelser, U. Goerlach, C. Grimault,L. Gross,M. Krauth, N. Ollivier-Henry,E. Silva Jiménez, G. Baulieu, G. Boudoul, L. Caponetto,N. Chanon, D. Contardo, P. Dené, T. Dupasquier, G. Galbit, M. Gouzevitch,N. Lumb, L. Mirabito, B. Nodari,S. Perries,M. Vander Donckt,S. Viret, L. Feld, C. Fimmers, M. Fleck, M. Friedrichs, L. Gromann, W. Karpinski,K. Klein, M. Lipinski, P. Malek,D. Meuser, R. Narr, I. Oezen,A. Pauls, G. Pierschel, M. Preuten,M. Rauch,D. Rittich, N. Röwert,J. Sammet, S. Schmitz,J. Schulz, M. Teroerde, M. Wlochal, C. Dziwok,G. Fluegge, O. Pooth,A. Stahl, T. Ziemons, S. Arab,C. Asawatangtrakuldee,V. Botta,A. Burgmeier,L. Calligaris,C. Cheng,S. Choudhury,P. Connor, C. Contreras-Campana,A. De Wit,G. Dolinska, G. Eckerlin,D. Eckstein, T. Eichhorn, E. Gallo, M. Guthoff,K. Hansen,M. Haranko,A. Harb, C. Kleinwort,I. Korol, S. Kousar, R. Mankel, H. Maser,M. Meyer, M. Missiroli, C. Muhl,A. Mussgiller, A. Petrukhin, D. Pitzl,O. Reichelt, M. Savitskyi, P. Schuetze, C. Seitz,S. Spannagel, R. Stever,A. Vargas,R. Walsh,A. Zuber, A. Benecke, H. Biskop, P. Buhmann,M. Centis Vignali,A. Ebrahimi, M. Eich,J. Erfle, F. Feindt, A. Froehlich,E. Garutti, P. Gunnellini,J. Haller,T. Hermanns, A. Hinzmann,G. Kasieczka, R. Klanner,V. Kutzner,T. Lange,T. Lapsien, S. Mättig, Ch. Matthies, M. Matysek, M. Mrowietz,C. Niemeyer, Y. Nissan, K. Pena, A. Perieanu, J. Poehlsen,T. Poehlsen, O. Rieger, P. Schleper, J. Schwandt,D. Schwarz,V. Sola, J. Sonneveld, G. Steinbrück,A. Tews, B. Vormwald, J. Wellhausen,I. Zoi,M. Abbas, L. Ardila,M. Balzer, T. Barvich,M. Baselga,T. Blank, F. Bögelspacher,E. Butz,M. Caselle,F. Colombo,W. De Boer, A. Dierlamm,K. El Morabit, B. Freund, J.-O. Gosewisch,F. Hartmann,S. Heindl, J. Hunt, U. Husemann, R. Koppenhöfer,S. Kudella, S. Maier, S. Mallows,M. Metzler,Th. Muller,M. Musich, A. Nürnberg,O. Sander,D. Schell,M. Schröder,T. Schuh,I. Shvetsov, H.-J. Simonis, P. Steck, M. Wassmer,M. Weber, A. Weddigen,T. Weiler,G. Anagnostou,P. Asenov, P. Assiouras,G. Daskalakis,I. Kazas, A. Kyriakis,D. Loukas, L. Paspalaki,M. Bartók, T. Balázs,K. Márton,F. Siklér, V. Veszprémi, J. Karancsi,P. Mal,S. Swain,A. Bhardwaj,C. Jain,G. Jain,A. Kumar,K. Ranjan,S. Saumya,R. Bhattacharya,S. Dutta,P. Palit,G. Saha,S. Sarkar, P. Cariola, D. Creanza,M. de Palma,G. De Robertis,A. Di Florio, L. Fiore,M. Ince,F. Loddo, G. Maggi,S. Martiradonna,M. Mongelli,S. My,G. Selvaggi,L. Silvestris, S. Albergo,S. Costa,A. Di Mattia, R. Potenza, M.A. Saizu, A. Tricomi,C. Tuve, G. Barbagli, M. Brianzi,A. Cassese, R. Ceccarelli,R. Ciaranfi, V. Ciulli, C. Civinini,R. D'Alessandro, F. Fiori, E. Focardi,G. Latino, P. Lenzi,M. Lizzo, M. Meschini, S. Paoletti, E. Scarlini,R. Seidita,G. Sguazzoni,L. Viliani, F. Ferro,R. Mulargia, E. Robutti, F. Brivio, M.E. Dinardo,P. Dini,S. Gennai, L. Guzzi,S. Malvezzi,D. Menasce, L. Moroni,D. Pedrini, D. Zuolo,P. Azzi, N. Bacchetta,P. Bortignon,D. Bisello,T. Dorigo,M. Tosi, H. Yarar,L. Gaioni,M. Manghisoni,L. Ratti,V. Re,E. Riceputi,G. Traversi, G. Baldinelli,F. Bianchi,G.M. Bilei, S. Bizzaglia,M. Caprai,B. Checcucci,D. Ciangottini,L. Fanò, L. Farnesini,M. Ionica,G. Mantovani,V. Mariani,M. Menichelli,A. Morozzi,F. Moscatelli,D. Passeri,A. Piccinelli,P. Placidi,A. Rossi,A. Saha,A. Santocchia,D. Spiga,L. Storchi,T. Tedeschi, C. Turrioni, K. Androsov, P. Azzurri,G. Bagliesi,A. Basti,R. Beccherle, V. Bertacchi,L. Bianchini,T. Boccali, L. Borrello,F. Bosi, R. Castaldi,M.A. Ciocci, R. Dell'Orso,S. Donato,L. Giannini, A. Giassi, M.T. Grippo,F. Ligabue, G. Magazzu,E. Manca, G. Mandorli,E. Mazzoni, A. Messineo, A. Moggi,F. Morsani,F. Palla, F. Palmonari, S. Parolia,F. Raffaelli,A. Rizzi,S. Roy Chowdhury,P. Spagnolo, R. Tenchini,G. Tonelli,A. Venturi, P.G. Verdini, R. Bellan,M. Costa, R. Covarelli,G. Dellacasa,N. Demaria, S. Garbolino, E. Migliore, E. Monteil, M. Monteno,G. Ortona, L. Pacher, A. Paterno,A. Rivetti, A. Solano,E. Curras Rivera,J. Duarte Campderros,M. Fernandez, A. Garcia Alonso,G. 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Backhaus,R. Becker,P. Berger, D. di Calafiori,A. Calandri, L. Djambazov, M. Donega, C. Dorfer,P. Eller,C. Grab, D. Hits, J. Hoss, W. Lustermann, M. Meinhard,V. Perovic,M. Reichmann,B. Ristic, U. Roeser,M. Rossini, D. Ruini, V. Tavolaro, R. Wallny,D. Zhu,T. Aarrestad, K. Bösiger,D. Brzhechko,F. Canelli,A. De Cosa,R. Del Burgo, C. Galloni, M. Gienal, D. Hernandez Garland,A. Jofrehei, B. Kilminster,C. Lange,S. Leontsinis,A. Macchiolo,U. Molinatti,R. Maier, V. Mikuni,I. Neutelings,J. Ngadiuba, D. Pinna, G. Rauco, P. Robmann,Y. Takahashi,S. Wiederkehr,D. Wolf, A. Zucchetta, P.-H. Chen,W.-S. Hou, Y.-W. Kao,R.-S. Lu, M. Moya,D. Burns,E. Clement, D. Cussans,J. Goldstein,S. Seif El Nasr-Storey, J.A. Coughlan,K. Harder,K. Manolopoulos, I.R. Tomalin,J. Borg,G. Fedi,G. Hall, G. Iles,M. Pesaresi,A. Rose,K. Uchida, K. Coldham,J. Cole,M. Ghorbani,A. Khan, P. Kyberd,I.D. Reid,R. Bartek,A. Dominguez,R. Uniyal,A.M. Vargas Hernandez, G. Altopp, A. Alzahrani, G. Benelli, B. Burkle,X. Coubez,U. Heintz, E. 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Schneider, W.J. Spalding, L. Spiegel, S. Timpone, L. Uplegger, M. Verzocchi, E. Voirin, H.A. Weber,R. Habibullah, R. Yohay,H. Becerril Gonzalez,X. Chen, S. Dittmer, A. Evdokimov, O. Evdokimov, C.E. Gerber, D.J. Hofman,C. Mills,T. Roy,S. Rudrabhatla,J. Yoo,M. Alhusseini,S. Durgut, J. Nachtman,Y. Onel, C. Rude,C. Snyder,K. Yi, N. Eminizer,A. Gritsan,S. Kyriacou, P. Maksimovic,C. Mantilla Suarez,J. Roskes,M. Swartz, T. Vami,P. Baringer,A. Bean, Z. Flowers,S. Khalil, J.W. King, A. Kropivnitskaya,E. Schmitz,G. Wilson,A. Ivanov,T. Mitchell, A. Modak,R. Taylor, J.G. Acosta, L.M. Cremaldi, S. Oliveros,L. Perera, D. Summers,K. Bloom, D.R. Claes, C. Fangmeier, F. Golf,I. Kravchenko, J. Siado,I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava,C. McLean,D. Nguyen,A. Parker, J. Pekkanen, S. Rappoccio,J. Li,L. Skinnari,K. Hahn,Y. Liu,K. Sung, J. Alimena, B. Cardwell,B. Francis,C.S. Hill,S. Malik, S. Norberg,J.E. Ramirez Vargas,R. Chawla,S. Das, S. Gurdasani,M. Jones,A. Jung,A. Koshy,G. Negro, J. Thieman,T. Cheng, J. Dolen, N. Parashar, K.M. Ecklund, S. Freed,M. Kilpatrick,T. Nussbaum,R. Demina, J. Dulemba, O. Hindrichs, E. Bartz, A. Gandrakotra, Y. Gershtein, E. Halkiadakis,A. Hart, A. Lath, K. Nash, M. Osherson, S. Schnetzer,R. Stone, R. Eusebi, P. D'Angelo,W. Johns, K.O. Padeken
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION（2021）
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摘要
The CMS detector at the CERN LHC features a silicon pixel detector as its innermost subdetector. The original CMS pixel detector has been replaced with an upgraded pixel system (CMS Phase-1 pixel detector) in the extended year-end technical stop of the LHC in 2016/2017. The upgraded CMS pixel detector is designed to cope with the higher instantaneous luminosities that have been achieved by the LHC after the upgrades to the accelerator during the first long shutdown in 2013-2014. Compared to the original pixel detector, the upgraded detector has a better tracking performance and lower mass with four barrel layers and three endcap disks on each side to provide hit coverage up to an absolute value of pseudorapidity of 2.5. This paper describes the design and construction of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector as well as its performance from commissioning to early operation in collision data-taking.
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关键词
Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - high energy (linear accelerators, synchrotrons), Particle tracking detectors, Detector design and construction technologies and materials, Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams)
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