Outcomes in hospitalisations of women with Turner syndrome compared to women without Turner syndrome

Objective: To evaluate outcomes in patients with Turner Syndrome, especially those with cardiac conditions, compared to those without Turner syndrome. Design: Retrospective cohort study utilising hospitalisation data from 2006 to 2012. Conditional logistic regression models are used to analyse outcomes of interest: all-cause mortality, increased length of stay, and discharge to home. Participants: We identified 2978 women with Turner syndrome, matched to 11,912 controls by primary diagnosis. Results: Patients with Turner syndrome were more likely to experience inpatient mortality (odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.02-2.02, p = 0.04) and increased length of stay (OR 1.31, CI 1.18-1.46, p = 0.03) than primary diagnosis matched controls, after adjusting for age, race, insurance status, and Charlson comorbidity index. Patients with Turner syndrome were 32% less likely to be discharged to home (OR 0.68, CI 0.60-0.78, p < 0.001). When restricting the sample of patients to those admitted with a cardiac diagnosis, the likelihood of mortality (OR 3.10, CI 1.27-7.57, p = 0.01) and prolonged length of stay (OR 1.42, CI 1.03-1.95, p = 0.03) further increased, while the likelihood of discharge to home further decreased (OR 0.55, CI 0.38-0.80, p = 0.001) in Turner syndrome compared to primary diagnosis matched controls. Specifically, patients with congenital heart disease were more likely to have prolonged length of stay (OR: 1.53, CI 1.18-2.00, p = 0.002), but not increased mortality or decreased discharge to home. Conclusions: Hospitalised women with Turner syndrome carry a higher risk of adverse outcomes even when presenting otherwise similarly as controls, an important consideration for those treating them in these settings.