Deep learning for chest X-ray analysis: A survey

•The release of multiple, large, publicly available chest X-ray datasets in recent years has encouraged research interest and boosted the number of publications.•We review all studies using deep learning on chest radiographs, categorizing works by task: image-level prediction (classification and regression), segmentation, localization, image generation and domain adaptation•Commercially available applications are detailed, and a comprehensive discussion of the current state of the art and potential future directions are provided.