The Long Noncoding Rna Tunar Modulates Wnt Signaling And Regulates Human Beta-Cell Proliferation

Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are enriched in pancreatic islets and several lncRNAs are linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although they have emerged as potential players in beta-cell biology and T2D, little is known about their functions and mechanisms in human beta-cells. We identified an islet-enriched lncRNA, TUNAR (TCL1 upstream neural differentiation-associated RNA), which was upregulated in beta-cells of patients with T2D and promoted human beta-cell proliferation via fine-tuning of the Wnt pathway. TUNAR was upregulated following Wnt agonism by a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitor in human beta-cells. Reciprocally, TUNAR repressed a Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) and stimulated Wnt pathway signaling. DKK3 was aberrantly expressed in beta-cells of patients with T2D and displayed a synchronized regulatory pattern with TUNAR at the single cell level. Mechanistically, DKK3 expression was suppressed by the repressive histone modifier enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). TUNAR interacted with EZH2 in beta-cells and facilitated EZH2-mediated suppression of DKK3. These findings reveal a novel cell-specific epigenetic mechanism via islet-enriched lncRNA that fine-tunes the Wnt pathway and subsequently human beta-cell proliferation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The discovery that long noncoding RNA TUNAR regulates beta-cell proliferation may be important in designing new treatments for diabetes.