Attentional biases to emotional scenes in schizophrenia: An eye-tracking study.

Attentional biases to emotional information may play a key role in the onset and course of schizophrenia. The aim of this experiment was to examine the attentional processing of four emotional scenes in competition (happy, neutral, sad, threatening) in 53 patients with schizophrenia and 51 controls. The eye movements were recorded in a 20-seconds free-viewing task. The results were: (i) patients showed increased attention on threatening scenes, compared to controls, in terms of attentional engagement and maintenance; (ii) patients payed less attention to happy scenes than controls, in terms of attentional maintenance; (iii) whereas positive symptoms were associated with a late avoidance of sad scenes, negative symptoms were associated with heightened attention to threat. The findings suggest that a threat-related bias and a lack of sensitivity to positive information may represent an underlying psychological mechanism of schizophrenia. Importantly, schizophrenia symptoms modulated the attentional biases, which has aetiological and therapeutic implications.