Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Does Not Preserve Lean Mass Or Affect Metabolic Profile In Adults With Overweight Or Obesity In A Randomized Controlled Weight Loss Intervention

Background: Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been shown to increase muscle mass or prevent muscle loss during weight loss.Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of a BCAA-supplemented hypocaloric diet on lean mass preservation and insulin sensitivity.Methods: A total of 132 Chinese adults (63 men and 69 women aged 21-45 y, BMI 25-36 kg/m(2)) were block randomly assigned by gender and BM I into 3 hypocaloric diet (deficit of 500 kcal/d) groups: standard-protein (14%) with placebo (control, CT) or BCAA supplements at 0.1 g . kg(-1) body weight . d(-1) (BCAA) or high-protein (27%) with placebo (HP). The subjects underwent 16 wk of dietary intervention with provision of meals and supplements, followed by 8 wk of weight maintenance with provision of supplements only. One-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to analyze the primary (lean mass and insulin sensitivity) and secondary outcomes (anthropometric and metabolic parameters) among the 3 groups. Paired t-test was used to analyze the change in each group.Results: The 3 groups demonstrated similar significant reductions in body weight (797%), fat mass (13.8%), and waist circumference (727%) after 16 wk of energy deficit. Lean mass loss in BCAA (4.39%) tended to be lower than in CT (5.39%) and higher compared with HP (3.67%) (P = 0.06). Calf muscle volume increased 3.4% in BCAA and intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) decreased in BCAA (17%) and HP (18%) (P < 0.05) over 16 wk. During the 8 wk weight maintenance period, lean mass gain in BCAA (1.03%) tended to be lower compared with CT (1.58%) and higher than in HP (-0.002%) (P = 0.04). Lean mass gain differed significantly between CT and HP (P = 0.03). Insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles did not differ among the groups throughout the study period.Conclusions: BCAA supplementation does not preserve lean mass or affect insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults during weight loss. A higher protein diet may be more advantageous for lean mass preservation.