Dynamics and Protection in Cascading Outages

Understanding the interaction of relays with dynamics of a cascade is critical to the design of resilient power systems. Requirements include models of signal processing devices running complex protection algorithms and models of nonlinear power system dynamics, plus various uncertainties. This paper provides a brief overview of power system dynamics and protection, highlights recent cascading failures, covers existing modeling techniques, reviews typical simulation frameworks, and identifies open questions and gaps for future research and development for dynamics and protection in cascading outages.