Forensic Investigation of A Hacked Industrial Robot.

Industrial robots are playing a key role in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). This latest generation of robots incorporates smart technologies and networking to support machine-to-machine and machine-to-human communications, and Internet of Things integration for advanced automation. The enhanced connectivity increases the attack surface of industrial robots, providing hackers with more attack options. Cyber attacks on industrial robots not only bring about economic losses to manufacturers, such as damage to production lines, but they can also cause injuries to workers, even deaths.