Dysbiosis of the rat vagina is efficiently rescued by vaginal microbiota transplantation or probiotic combination

•Vaginal dysbiosis is a disorder of the vaginal microbiome often associated with gynaecological diseases.•Feasibility of vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT) from healthy rats or women for rescuing vaginal dysbiosis in rats.•Combination of selectively isolated beneficial bacteria from healthy women was able to rescue vaginal dysbiosis in rats.•VMT was able to restore the microbiome in vaginal dysbiosis to normal levels, avoiding the recurrence of vaginal dysbiosis.•Results demonstrate the effectiveness and mechanisms of VMT, providing a clue for the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis.