Polymer nanocomposites: an overview

Polymer nanocomposites are a new class of composite materials containing inorganic nanoparticles dispersed in organic polymer matrix to improve its performance properties. Polymer nanocomposites have two components: polymer and the nano-fillers. The introduction of nano-fillers into the polymer matrix combines the advantages of both the materials. Polymer nanocomposite may be classified based on the morphology of the obtained polymer nanocomposites, dimension of nanomaterials, thermal response, and class of polymers. Polymer nanocomposites can be prepared by many methods, but the most common methods are solution dispersion, in situ polymerization, and melt extrusion. Polymer nanocomposites display excellent properties such as magnetic efficiency, electrical properties, and barrier resistance. The important advantages of polymer nanocomposites are due to increased stiffness, increased resistance to fire, increased thermal and dimensional stability, good optical properties, and improved barrier effect. Owing to extraordinary properties and potential applications, polymer nanocomposites are utilized in different emerging areas such as in medical, electrical, catalytic, sensors, and environmental fields.