Pd-L1/Pd-1 Pattern Of Distribution Within Bone Marrow Microenvironment Cells In Patients With Smoldering Myeloma And Active Multiple Myeloma

Despite the promising results of immune-checkpoint blockade in the treatment of many tumors, the use anti-PDL-1/PD-1 antibodies in multiple myeloma (MM) still remains debated and under observation for the high toxicity in combination with immunomodulatory drugs or for the lack of a clear evaluation of the PD-L1/PD-1 distribution in MM patients. Literature data on PD-L1/PD-1 expression by CD138+ and bone marrow (BM) cells in MM patients are discordant and none of them compared patients with active and smoldering myeloma (SMM). This suggests the need to better define PD-L1/PD-1 distribution in the BM immune-microenvironment in MM patients, to identify those that could benefit from PD-L1/PD-1 blockade.