Semi-analytical model of the Rician k-factor

The analysis of the performance of 5G wireless communication systems employing Massive MIMO at millimeter-wave frequencies is of great practical relevance. Of special relevance are the signal fluctuations. In the present paper, we introduce a semi-analytical model for a generic scattering environment by using randomly distributed resonant scatterers to investigate the impact of the size of the scattering environment, the scatterer density, and the number of scatterers on the signal variability in terms of the Rician k-factor as a function of frequency. We further present an investigation of the impact of scattering on the frequency dependence of the signal fading statistics in the 500 MHz-100 GHz band. The simplified model is also verified against full-wave simulation using the Method of Moments (MoM).