Determination of correct AI timing using rheological property of cervical mucus and their relation to conception rate: A review

Despite of enormous progress in understanding physiology of oestrous cycle and the advancement in the field of heat detection kits, the conception rate remained low in cows and buffaloes by artificial insemination (AI). Many factors like quality control of semen, storing of semen straws, handling by technician, nutritional and genetic status of animals etc. affects conception rate but the timing of AI remained the major contributor for low A.I. success rate. The differential secretion of female genital tract in cows and buffaloes can improve conception rate by aiding in determining the correct timing of artificial insemination (A.I.). The physical properties of secretion of cervical mucus during different phase of oestrous changes dramatically and can be exploited as a non-invasive tool for mid oestrous detection. This review focused on the physical characteristics of cervical discharge in different period of oestrous and quick microscopic observation of its spreading pattern and there effect on conception rate. This review will elicit the best possible combination of rheological property of cervical mucus for determining correct timing of A.I. to achieve high conception rate during oestrous.