Generation and Absorption of Periodic Waves Traveling on a Uniform Current in a Fully Nonlinear BEM-based Numerical Wave Tank

Accurate and efficient numerical wave generation and absorption of two-dimensional nonlinear periodic waves traveling on a steady, uniform current were carried out in a potential, fully nonlinear numerical wave tank. The solver is based on the Beta oundary Epsilon lement Method (Beta Epsilon M) with linear singularity distributions and plane elements and on the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation of the free surface equations. Wave generation is implemented along the inflow boundary by imposing the stream function wave solution, while wave absorption at both end-boundaries is effectively treated by introducing absorbing layers. On the absorbing beach side, the outflow boundary condition is modified to ensure that the solution accurately satisfies the dispersion relation of the generated waves. The modification involves a free-parameter that depends on the mass flux through the domain and is determined through a feedback error-correction loop. The developed method provides accurate time domain wave solutions for shallow, intermediate, and deep water depths of high wave steepness (wave heights up to 80% of the maximum value) that remain stable for 150 wave periods. This also holds in case a coplanar or opposing uniform current of velocity up to 20% of the wave celerity interacts with the wave.