Measurements of $$\pi ^-$$ production in $$^7$$Be + $$^9$$Be collisions at beam momenta from 19A to 150$$A\,\text{ GeV }\!/\!c$$ in the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS: NA61/SHINE Collaboration

The NA61/SHINE collaboration studies at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) the onset of deconfinement in hadronic matter by the measurement of particle production in collisions of nuclei with various sizes at a set of energies covering the SPS energy range. This paper presents results on inclusive double-differential spectra and mean multiplicities of \n$$\\pi ^{-}$$\n\n mesons produced in the 5% most central \n$$^7$$\n\nBe + \n$$^9$$\n\nBe collisions at beam momenta of 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150\n$$A\\,\\text{ GeV }\\!/\\!c$$\n\n obtained by the so-called \n$$h^-$$\n\n method which does not require any particle identification. The shape of the transverse mass spectra differs from the shapes measured in central Pb + Pb collisions and inelastic p+p interactions. The normalized width of the rapidity distribution decreases with increasing collision energy and is in between the results for inelastic nucleon–nucleon and central Pb + Pb collisions. The mean multiplicity of pions per wounded nucleon in central \n$$^7$$\n\nBe + \n$$^9$$\n\nBe collisions is close to that in central Pb + Pb collisions up to 75\n$$A\\,\\text{ GeV }\\!/\\!c$$\n\n. However, at the top SPS energy the result lies between those for nucleon–nucleon and Pb + Pb interactions. The results are discussed in the context of predictions for the onset of deconfinement at the CERN SPS collision energies.