Elephant bone breakage and surface marks made by trampling elephants: Implications for interpretations of marked and broken Mammuthus spp. bones

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports(2020)

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摘要
•Trampling by elephants in the wild is frequent at some sites.•Elephant trampling in the wild can produce fracture edges with notches and pseudo-cone flakes on elephant bones.•Elephant trampling in the wild produces marks on elephant bones that are parallel and not sinuous.•Elephant trampling can change the orientation and dip of elephant bones.•Mammoth bones in anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic assemblages sometimes have marks and breakage features similar to those recorded on trampled elephant bones.
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关键词
Bone surface marks,Bone fracturing,Proboscidean trampling,Neo-taphonomy
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