Analysis for Observation Angle of the Earth Two-Polar Regions from Moon-Based Platform

The Arctic region and the Antarctic region, as the two-polar regions of the earth, are sensitive to the global change to be the research focus. However, the existing earth observing system satellite data in the two-polar regions of the earth is not enough. The Moon is the unique natural satellite of the earth, which has advantages of global-scale coverage and long observation time. Therefore, the moon-based platform turns out to be a potential platform to comprehensively and continuously observe the Earth on a global scale, especially for the contrastive study of the Earth two-polar regions. Moreover, comparing to the limited life of the current satellites, the longevity of the moon is helpful to collect long-term time series data, which makes it possible to research long-term earth science phenomena in the two-polar regions. This paper comparatively analyzes the angular coverage performance of the two-polar regions of the earth observed from the moon-based platform. The observation angles of long-period 40 years through the geometry model of the moon-based platform from different sensor locations on the moon are calculated. The sensors are set on four potential sites on the moon--- the North Pole, the South Pole, the Sinus Iridum area and the Mare Nectaris area. When the two-polar regions of the earth are observed from four different locations on the moon, the different observation angular characteristics are obtained. This is helpful for the site selection of the moon-based platform.