A Rehmannia glutinosa cinnamate 4-hydroxylase promotes phenolic accumulation and enhances tolerance to oxidative stress

Key message RgC4H promotes phenolic accumulation in R. glutinosa , activating the molecular networks of its antioxidant systems, and enhancing the tolerance to oxidative stresses exposed to drought, salinity and H 2 O 2 conditions. Abstract Rehmannia glutinosa is of great economic importance in China and increasing R. glutinosa productivity relies, in part, on understanding its tolerance to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a key influencing factor for crop productivity in plants exposed to harsh conditions. In the defense mechanisms of plants against stress, phenolics serve an important antioxidant function. Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is the first hydroxylase in the plant phenolics biosynthesis pathway, and elucidating the molecular characteristics of this gene in R. glutinosa is essential for understanding the effect of tolerance to oxidative stress tolerance on improving yield. Using in vitro and in silico methods, a C4H gene, RgC4H , from R. glutinosa was isolated and characterized. RgC4H has 86.34–93.89% amino acid sequence identity with the equivalent protein in other plants and localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. An association between the RgC4H expression and total phenolics content observed in non-transgenic and transgenic R. glutinosa plants suggests that this gene is involved in the process of phenolics biosynthesis. Furthermore, the tolerance of R. glutinosa to drought, salinity and H 2 O 2 stresses was positively or negatively altered in plants with the overexpression or knockdown of RgC4H , respectively, as indicated by the analysis in some antioxidant physiological and molecular indices. Our study highlights the important role of RgC4H in the phenolics/phenylpropanoid pathway and reveals the involvement of phenolic-mediated regulation in oxidative stress tolerance in R. glutinosa .