Inpatient and Outpatient Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Pediatric Patients with Clostridium difficile Infections

Objectives: Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has shown a 90% success rate of symptom resolution in adults and pediatric Clostridium diflicile infection (CDI). The major aims of this study were to compare the success of inpatient and outpatient FMTs in eradicating CDI and to identify risk factors for failure. Methods: An eight-year retrospective chart review of pediatric FMT to treat CDI in the outpatient or inpatient setting was conducted. Patient demographics and FMT data were extracted. Results: The inpatient (n=19) FMT success rate was significantly higher than the outpatient (n=15) FMT success rate (P=0.018). Significant risk factors for failure were use of a gastrostomy tube versus nasogastric tube as the stool delivery mode (P = 0.034) and having FMT in the outpatient setting (P = 0.027). Conclusions: Inpatient FMT success rate was similar to FMT publications. Most published risk factors for CDI occurrence were not significantly related to CDI recurrence following FMT.