Interplay between right atrial function and liver stiffness in adults with repaired right ventricular outflow obstructive lesions

Aims This study determined the associations between right atrial (RA) and right ventricular (RV) mechanics and liver stiffness in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAVIS), and pulmonary stenosis (PS). Methods and results Ninety subjects including 26 repaired TOF, 24 PAIVS, and 20 PS patients and 20 controls were studied. Hepatic shear wave velocity and tissue elasticity (E), measures of liver stiffness, were assessed by two-dimensional shear wave elastography, while RA and RV mechanics were assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography. Deformation analyses revealed worse RV systolic strain and strain rate, and RA peak positive and total strain, and strain rates at ventricular systole and at early diastole in all of the patient groups compared with controls (all P < 0.05). Compared with controls, all of the patient groups had significantly greater shear wave velocity and hepatic E-value (all P < 0.05). Shear wave velocity and hepatic E-value correlated negatively with RV systolic strain rate, and RA positive strain, total strain, and strain rate at ventricular systole and at early diastole (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed RA strain rate at early diastole (P = 0.015, P < 0.001), maximum RA size (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and severity of pulmonary regurgitation (P = 0.05, P-P = 0.014) as significant correlates of shear wave velocity and hepatic E-value. Conclusion In adults with repaired TOF, PAIVS, and PS, RA dysfunction and pulmonary regurgitation are associated with liver stiffness.