Milestones For Autonomous In Vivo Microrobots In Medical Applications

* Reprint requests: Shuhei Miyashita, PhD, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Amy Johnson Bld, Portobello Ln, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom.In light of recent developments within both health care and robotics, the use of robots within the human body has become attainable. Here we discuss the milestones for the realization of autonomous micro -robots in medical applications. The desired tasks were classified by identifying the difficulties and re-quirements faced by the robot. In addition, we classified the levels of autonomy seen in microrobots for these uses. The aim of this article is to provide readers with a good understanding of the current state and future possibilities in this field.(c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.