Non-targeted metabolomic analysis predicts the therapeutic effects of exenatide on endothelial injury in patients with type 2 diabetes

•Treatment with exenatide for 16 weeks ameliorated endothelial injury in patients with T2DM.•Endothelial protection benefit from exenatide treatment was effectively predicted by some specific metabolomic combination.•Higher 4-hydroxyproline and lower 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid was identified as the most optimal predictive biomarkers.