Subclinical Chronic Kidney Injury is Common in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients with Fontan Circulation: Results of a Urinary Biomarker Study

Background: Surgical palliation of single ventricle congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with peri-operative risk of acute kidney injury. While overt chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adolescent and young adult patients with Fontan circulation is rare, the presence of subclinical chronic kidney injury in this population has not been investigated. Methods: Single-center prospective cohort study of patients with Fontan circulation (Fontan) and biventricular CHD (control) scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization. Urine and blood samples were …