The foehn wind east of the Andes in a 20-year climate simulation

This study investigates the spatial structure and the seasonal occurrence of foehn wind to the east of the Andes using a flow blocking analysis in a 20-year climate simulation. The latter was performed by the Eta-CPTEC regional model at 50-km horizontal resolution. This version of the model includes a cut-cell scheme to represent topography and a finite-volume vertical advection scheme for dynamic variables. The results indicate that foehn wind more frequently blows during winter and spring on the eastern slopes of the Andes, except to the south of 37° S where it blows at all seasons. Higher mountains of the Central Andes (27° S–35° S) and the High Plateau (15° S–27° S) result in blocked foehn events, with a weak adjustment to the geostrophic balance. On the Central Andes, rain and snow on mountain tops may also contribute to generate foehn wind on the eastern slopes. The results show that a low pressure develops to the east of the Central Andes, and also to the east of the High Plateau when foehn blows. Lower mountains in Patagonia (to the south of 37° S) result in more frequent non-blocked foehn event, with better adjustment to the geostrophic balance.