PMU Placement for Measurement Redundancy Distribution Considering Zero Injection Bus and Contingencies

This article proposes a method for optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) to improve measurement redundancy distribution in a system under normal operating condition or in presence of contingency. The minimum number of PMUs is determined using integer linear programming method, after which the measurement redundancy is optimized using a novel model to represent the redundancy level of each bus. Weight parameters are assigned to auxiliary variables, which enables control of priority of different redundancy level. The impact of zero injection bus is integrated into the model, as well as the channel limitation of PMUs and existing measurements. Besides, contingency is modeled in a generalized form, which enables N-1 or N-2 contingency analysis. The proposed method is tested on various IEEE systems, and the results show that the number of PMUs obtained by the proposed method is further reduced comparing with other methods, while with a highly improved measurement redundancy.