Parasitological and molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis among indigenous peoples in the state of Roraima, Brazil.

Introduction: We diagnose cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) among indigenous peoples of the state of Roraima, Brazil, and discuss some aspects of its epidemiology. Methods: Skin imprints, and lesion exudate samples collected on filter paper were examined using parasitological and molecular techniques, respectively. Results: Of 30 indigenous individuals, representing several ethnic groups, with suspected cases of CL, 27 (90%) tested positive for Leishmania spp. by PCR, and 21 (70%) by parasitological microscopy. Conclusions: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is indistinctly present among indigenous peoples from different regions of the state of Roraima. Individuals from seven of the ten existing ethnic groups in the state tested positive for CL, demonstrating the need for further investigation of the disease among these ethnic groups.